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1994-05-02
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113 lines
<text>
<title>
Egypt: World Trade Outlook
</title>
<article>
<hdr>
World Trade Outlook 1992: Egypt
Government Takes Steps To Ease Economic Ills
</hdr>
<body>
<p>By Tom Sams
</p>
<p>The Egyptian government has begun to address serious economic
issues and, as a result, a variety of reform measures have been
adopted. Bilateral trade relations remain strong, and the
United States has recently provided Egypt significant debt
relief. Based on trade figures from the past two years, and in
light of ongoing Egyptian economic reforms, U.S. exports to
Egypt could reach $3 billion in 1992. Principal U.S. exports
are agricultural commodities, oil and gas field machinery,
aircraft parts, and transport vehicles. Principal imports from
Egypt are crude petroleum and petroleum products, and textiles
and apparel.
</p>
<p>U.S. exports 1991--$2.7 billion U.S. imports 1991--$206
million
</p>
<p> Egypt's commercial position has long been weak. Economic
progress has been hindered by the country's policy of
protecting the living standards of its consumers with heavy
subsidies, in spite of stagnating economic growth. It has
maintained a very large trade deficit for many years, often with
imports three times greater than exports.
</p>
<p> The crisis created by the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait in August
1990 had far-reaching implications for Egypt's economy. Egyptian
workers returning from Iraq and Kuwait added to Egypt's
unemployment problems and strained social services. In addition,
the Gulf crisis sharply reduced hard currency inflows from the
remittances of Egyptians working in the Gulf. Tourism revenues
and Suez Canal earnings also dropped significantly, although
they were partially offset by earnings from the increased price
of crude oil. Finally, revenues from Egyptian export trade to
other Middle East countries were drastically reduced, if not
virtually halted, as in the case of Iraq and Kuwait.
</p>
<p> Since the end of the war, there has been some increase in
recruitment of Egyptians by other Arab countries. Tourism
revenues have increased almost to their pre-war level, contrary
to most analysts' earlier projections. As a result of Egypt's
active stand during the Gulf crisis and its military
contribution to the coalition effort, several European and Arab
Gulf countries provided Egypt with generous financial
assistance.
</p>
<p> On May 17, 1991, Egypt signed an IMF Stand-by Agreement, and
on May 25 it signed a Paris Club Agreement to reduce official
debt of $20.2 billion by 50 percent over three years, provided
that Egypt maintains satisfactory performance under IMF
programs. Under these agreements, Egypt has begun implementing
a far-reaching program of economic stabilization and structural
adjustments.
</p>
<p> The government of Egypt has taken a number of corrective
steps to reduce the budget deficit, because it is the primary
underlying cause of inflation. Subsidies have been reduced on
major consumer products including bread, gasoline, electricity,
and transportation. The government has also liberalized foreign
exchange markets, the banking sector, the trade regime and the
investment approval process.
</p>
<p> One of the reform measures that could have a significant
effect on future U.S. trade and investment activities in Egypt
is the government's announced intention to privatize many public
companies. Law 203, passed in 1991, provides the basis for
reform of the vast public sector; it encourages private
expansion and separates parastatal company management from
government control.
</p>
<p> The main barrier to investment in Egypt is bureaucratic red
tape, which has evolved over 30 years of a government-managed
economy. However, Egyptian government officials are aware of
this and other impediments, and have begun to take steps to
improve the investment climate. The investment licensing system
has been amended to ensure automatic approval of all projects
with the exception of a limited number of products specified on
a "negative list." The U.S.-Egypt Bilateral Investment Treaty
which may be ratified by Egyptian authorities this spring, will
provide for a dispute settlement mechanism.
</p>
<p> From an investor's perspective, Egypt offers a skilled and
fairly inexpensive labor force, together with a large domestic
market. In addition, Egypt's position in the region has been
strengthened by having been a safe haven during the Gulf crisis.
The successful implementation of structural reforms in creating
a market-driven private sector economy could place Egypt in a
strong strategic position as a base for marketing in Europe,
Africa, and the Middle East. According to the commercial
officers at the American Embassy in Cairo, products that offer
excellent sales opportunities in Egypt include
telecommunications equipment, automotive parts and services
equipment, electrical power systems, computers and peripherals,
construction equipment, water resources equipment, industrial
chemicals, and medical equipment. For additional information on
marketing or investing in Egypt, call the Commerce Department's
Egypt Desk Officer at (202) 482-4441.
</p>
<p>Source: International Trade Administration, Business America Magazine
</p>
</body>
</article>
</text>