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- <text>
- <title>
- Egypt: World Trade Outlook
- </title>
- <article>
- <hdr>
- World Trade Outlook 1992: Egypt
- Government Takes Steps To Ease Economic Ills
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p>By Tom Sams
- </p>
- <p>The Egyptian government has begun to address serious economic
- issues and, as a result, a variety of reform measures have been
- adopted. Bilateral trade relations remain strong, and the
- United States has recently provided Egypt significant debt
- relief. Based on trade figures from the past two years, and in
- light of ongoing Egyptian economic reforms, U.S. exports to
- Egypt could reach $3 billion in 1992. Principal U.S. exports
- are agricultural commodities, oil and gas field machinery,
- aircraft parts, and transport vehicles. Principal imports from
- Egypt are crude petroleum and petroleum products, and textiles
- and apparel.
- </p>
- <p>U.S. exports 1991--$2.7 billion U.S. imports 1991--$206
- million
- </p>
- <p> Egypt's commercial position has long been weak. Economic
- progress has been hindered by the country's policy of
- protecting the living standards of its consumers with heavy
- subsidies, in spite of stagnating economic growth. It has
- maintained a very large trade deficit for many years, often with
- imports three times greater than exports.
- </p>
- <p> The crisis created by the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait in August
- 1990 had far-reaching implications for Egypt's economy. Egyptian
- workers returning from Iraq and Kuwait added to Egypt's
- unemployment problems and strained social services. In addition,
- the Gulf crisis sharply reduced hard currency inflows from the
- remittances of Egyptians working in the Gulf. Tourism revenues
- and Suez Canal earnings also dropped significantly, although
- they were partially offset by earnings from the increased price
- of crude oil. Finally, revenues from Egyptian export trade to
- other Middle East countries were drastically reduced, if not
- virtually halted, as in the case of Iraq and Kuwait.
- </p>
- <p> Since the end of the war, there has been some increase in
- recruitment of Egyptians by other Arab countries. Tourism
- revenues have increased almost to their pre-war level, contrary
- to most analysts' earlier projections. As a result of Egypt's
- active stand during the Gulf crisis and its military
- contribution to the coalition effort, several European and Arab
- Gulf countries provided Egypt with generous financial
- assistance.
- </p>
- <p> On May 17, 1991, Egypt signed an IMF Stand-by Agreement, and
- on May 25 it signed a Paris Club Agreement to reduce official
- debt of $20.2 billion by 50 percent over three years, provided
- that Egypt maintains satisfactory performance under IMF
- programs. Under these agreements, Egypt has begun implementing
- a far-reaching program of economic stabilization and structural
- adjustments.
- </p>
- <p> The government of Egypt has taken a number of corrective
- steps to reduce the budget deficit, because it is the primary
- underlying cause of inflation. Subsidies have been reduced on
- major consumer products including bread, gasoline, electricity,
- and transportation. The government has also liberalized foreign
- exchange markets, the banking sector, the trade regime and the
- investment approval process.
- </p>
- <p> One of the reform measures that could have a significant
- effect on future U.S. trade and investment activities in Egypt
- is the government's announced intention to privatize many public
- companies. Law 203, passed in 1991, provides the basis for
- reform of the vast public sector; it encourages private
- expansion and separates parastatal company management from
- government control.
- </p>
- <p> The main barrier to investment in Egypt is bureaucratic red
- tape, which has evolved over 30 years of a government-managed
- economy. However, Egyptian government officials are aware of
- this and other impediments, and have begun to take steps to
- improve the investment climate. The investment licensing system
- has been amended to ensure automatic approval of all projects
- with the exception of a limited number of products specified on
- a "negative list." The U.S.-Egypt Bilateral Investment Treaty
- which may be ratified by Egyptian authorities this spring, will
- provide for a dispute settlement mechanism.
- </p>
- <p> From an investor's perspective, Egypt offers a skilled and
- fairly inexpensive labor force, together with a large domestic
- market. In addition, Egypt's position in the region has been
- strengthened by having been a safe haven during the Gulf crisis.
- The successful implementation of structural reforms in creating
- a market-driven private sector economy could place Egypt in a
- strong strategic position as a base for marketing in Europe,
- Africa, and the Middle East. According to the commercial
- officers at the American Embassy in Cairo, products that offer
- excellent sales opportunities in Egypt include
- telecommunications equipment, automotive parts and services
- equipment, electrical power systems, computers and peripherals,
- construction equipment, water resources equipment, industrial
- chemicals, and medical equipment. For additional information on
- marketing or investing in Egypt, call the Commerce Department's
- Egypt Desk Officer at (202) 482-4441.
- </p>
- <p>Source: International Trade Administration, Business America Magazine
- </p>
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
-